Well-known PCB supplier
+86 13603063656
PCB board printer: Features, Uses, and Buying Guide explores the world of in-house PCB fabrication technology. This article dives into how PCB board printers work, their types, and what makes them valuable for R&D and low‑volume production. Whether you’re an electronics engineer, procurement specialist, or tech startup leader, you’ll discover practical insights on selecting, using, and optimizing PCB printers for business advantage.
PCB Board Printer
What is a PCB board printer and why should your team care? In-house PCB board printers bring prototyping from weeks down to hours, giving you unmatched speed. But here’s the kicker… you don’t need a full fab operation. A desktop PCB printer can handle FR4 or flexible substrates, print traces with conductive inks or lasers, and output ready-to-test boards without outsourcing—but you must know the limitations.
For example, one engineering team at a medical device startup used an inkjet PCB printer to prototype a power monitoring module in a single day, slashing iteration time by 80%. Another case at an aerospace OEM involved using laser etching to quickly debug signal integrity on a high-speed board, avoiding delays in the certification timeline. Even educational labs are using these printers: a university electronics course replaced traditional chemical etching kits with a PCB printer, reducing hazardous waste by 90% and hands-on prep time from two days to two hours.
| Feature | Benefit | Example Use Case |
|---|---|---|
| Rapid Prototyping | Faster design cycles | Medical startup saved weeks |
| Clean Process | No chemicals needed | University reduced waste |
| In-House Control | Immediate iteration | Aerospace debugging session |
PCB board printers typically operate via direct-write or subtractive methods. But what’s the real story? In direct-write systems, a print head deposits conductive ink—frequently silver or copper-based—with UV curing fixing the trace. Alternatively, subtractive laser etching removes copper from a plated board, replicating PCB traces without ink. Hybrid systems might combine both approaches for added flexibility.
Case #1: A research lab used silver-nanoparticle ink with a thermal curing system to print fine 4 mil traces that passed IPC standards. Case #2: An industrial R&D center used laser etching to remove excess copper from pre-laminated FR4, achieving 2 oz copper removal without damaging substrate dielectric. Case #3: A hardware accelerator used a 3D PCB printer capable of depositing both conductive and dielectric layers, enabling functional prototypes with embedded components.
Software seriously matters too. Most printers take Gerber or ODB++ files, slice them into printable paths, and coordinate head movement. Firmware handles temperature, speed, ink flow, and UV cure timing. Calibration is vital—one misaligned nozzle can shift traces by tens of microns, impacting high-speed signal integrity.
| Method | Key Components | Typical Resolution | Advantages |
|---|---|---|---|
| Inkjet Direct‑Write | Conductive ink, UV cure head | 4–10 mil | No plating needed |
| Laser Subtractive | Laser head, copper sheet | 2–5 mil | No consumables |
| Hybrid | Ink + etch | ~3 mil | Multi‑material flexibility |
Discussing types of PCB board printers means analyzing how they differ by technology, performance, and investment level. But here’s the kicker… choosing the right type determines how well the printer aligns with your project scope, budget, and technical needs. There are four main categories:
Inkjet PCB Printers use conductive inks like silver or copper nanoparticles. Companies like Voltera offer desktop systems capable of printing single-sided prototype boards in hours. Case study: a consumer electronics business used inkjet printing to test six design iterations in one day, cutting prototype costs by 60% compared to outsourcing.
Laser Etching Machines remove copper selectively. LPKF ProtoLaser units, for example, convert standard copper-clad boards into custom layouts within 30 minutes. Aerospace R&D teams frequently adopt this method to validate thermal and EMI performance rapidly—avoiding weeks of external PCB delivery.
Hybrid and 3D PCB Printers combine direct-write ink deposition, dielectric layering, and sometimes multiple conductive materials. Nano Dimension’s DragonFly series can print multilayer boards with embedded resistors and capacitors. A medical device company used it to prototype a multilayer motherboard with integrated components, reducing testing failures by 40%.
DIY vs. Commercial Printers. Maker communities experiment with modified inkjet printers or CNC machines, achieving trace widths around 15 mil—limited but sufficient for hobbyist projects. By contrast, commercial offerings provide automation, calibration systems, and support needed for B2B use.
| Printer Type | Trace Resolution | Layer Capabilities | Typical Use Case |
|---|---|---|---|
| Inkjet | 4–10 mil | Single-sided | Quick prototypes, single-layer designs |
| Laser Etching | 2–5 mil | Single-sided | High-speed designs, R&D validation |
| Hybrid/3D | ~3 mil | Multilayer | Complex prototypes with embedded parts |
| DIY Modified | 10–20 mil | Single-sided | Hobbyist or educational builds |
Inside every PCB board printer, several precise systems must work harmoniously. Ready for the good part? High-end printers integrate mechanical, optical, and thermal technologies to deliver accuracy and reliability.
Print head and ink system: On inkjet printers, nanoparticle inks (silver, copper, carbon) are jetted through micro-nozzles. Ink formulation determines conductivity and curing temperature—voltage resistance may depend on particle size. A Dutch automotive startup used silver ink printed at 250 °C curing to prototype mixed-signal boards in-house.
Substrate handling platform: Print beds must remain flat within microns and support vacuum to hold boards. LPKF systems include precision x–y stages with optical feedback, ensuring trace placement accuracy within ±10 μm. In classrooms, flexible roll-to-roll systems allow batch fabrication of PET-based sensor boards.
UV curing or sintering systems: After depositing ink, traces are cured by UV light, hot plates, or infrared ovens to sinter particles. Cure profiles (time and temperature) vary by material—silver inks may require 150 °C for 5 minutes, copper inks often need 200 °C in inert atmosphere.
Software interfaces and calibration units: Guider software accepts Gerber and ODB++ files, plots paths, calculates spray patterns or laser G-code, and monitors real-time feedback. Closed-loop calibration systems verify nozzle health and alignment before each run—preventing misplacement by up to 20%.
| Component | Purpose | Performance Impact |
|---|---|---|
| Print Head & Ink | Deposits conductive traces | Determines resolution and Rds |
| Substrate Platform | Holds and aligns board | Affects trace placement accuracy |
| UV/Sintering System | Cures or fuses ink particles | Influences conductivity and strength |
| Software/Calibration | Converts designs and tunes print settings | Ensures reliability and repeatability |
Selecting materials is pivotal to performance and cost. And this is where it gets interesting… your printer’s outputs depend as much on substrate and ink choices as on machine mechanics. Key materials include printable substrates, conductive inks, and ancillary coatings.
Printable substrates include FR4 copper-clad laminates for inkjet and laser systems, PET for roll-to-roll flexible boards, and polyimide for high-temperature flexible circuits. A wearable tech company used polyimide substrate and copper ink to print a flexible health-tracking sensor with stable performance over 10,000 bend cycles.
Conductive inks are typically silver nanoparticle blends (high conductivity, expensive), copper nanoparticle inks (lower cost, oxidation risk), or carbon-based conductors (good flexibility, limited current). A university lab developed a carbon ink antenna for outreach kits—cost-effective and sturdy for classrooms.
Dielectric and soldermask materials ensure trace isolation and protect against humidity. Some hybrid printers apply UV-curable soldermask ink as a post-print step. An electronics startup used printed soldermask to bypass mask lamination, adding manufacturing flexibility.
| Material Type | Options | Key Characteristics |
|---|---|---|
| Substrates | FR4, PET, Polyimide | Varies in flexibility, temperature resistance |
| Conductive Inks | Silver, Copper, Carbon | Trade-offs in cost, conductivity, oxidation |
| Dielectric Coatings | UV soldermask, isolation inks | Adds electrical protection and environmental seal |
Let’s be honest—your printer is only as smart as the software guiding it. This is where it gets interesting… the success of PCB printing hinges not just on hardware but on the ability to convert digital designs into physical circuits with accuracy and efficiency.
Design tools like KiCad, Altium Designer, and EAGLE are commonly used for schematic and layout creation. These tools output Gerber, ODB++, and drill files, which can be directly imported into the printer’s control software. For example, a team at a German robotics lab used Altium to rapidly prototype sensor arrays for a warehouse automation platform, syncing layouts directly with their PCB printer.
Some PCB printers come bundled with proprietary software—like Voltera’s V-One software, or Nano Dimension’s Switch—which not only interpret design files but also simulate trace routing, adjust droplet spacing, and auto-calibrate nozzle flow. This automation dramatically reduces setup time, especially for small-batch or high-iteration environments.
Furthermore, 3D and hybrid systems often require a multi-layer design flow. Software compatibility becomes key here. You may need to export from ECAD tools into intermediate CAM software that stitches layers or places via patterns. One defense electronics manufacturer streamlined multi-layer prototyping by integrating Fusion 360 with a DragonFly LDM printer and reduced total development time by 35%.
| Software | Output Compatibility | Best for | License Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| KiCad | Gerber, ODB++, SVG | Open-source, rapid prototyping | Free/Open-source |
| Altium Designer | Gerber, IPC2581 | High-end, professional use | Paid Subscription |
| Autodesk Eagle | Gerber, DXF | Hobbyist to SME use | Free/Paid |
| Nano Switch | Native to Nano Printers | Embedded, multi-layer designs | Bundled Proprietary |
| Voltera Software | Gerber | Single-layer, low volume | Bundled Proprietary |
Here’s the real story—why are engineers and manufacturers turning to in-house PCB board printers? Because the advantages are simply too good to ignore. From cost to speed to innovation, these systems are reshaping the development timeline.
Faster Time-to-Market: Traditional PCB fabrication can take 7–14 days. With a printer like the Voltera V-One, engineers can have a functional prototype within a few hours. This means more iterations in less time. An IoT startup developing a smart lock achieved 12 board revisions in two weeks—something impossible with outsourced manufacturing.
Lower Development Costs: While the upfront printer cost may range from $4,000 to $100,000 depending on complexity, the ROI kicks in fast. Consider a design team creating 5 prototypes per week—each costing $200 externally. In just one month, they’ve saved enough to justify an entry-level printer.
Design Freedom and IP Protection: Printing in-house allows experimenting with trace widths, shapes, embedded components, and custom stack-ups—without the constraints of minimum order quantities or NDA risks. A medical research group printed sensitive biosensor layouts in-house to protect intellectual property.
Environmental and Material Control: Some printers allow the reuse of substrates, apply only as much ink as needed, and reduce chemical etching waste—supporting sustainability initiatives.
| Benefit | Description | Impact Area |
|---|---|---|
| Time-to-Market | Rapid in-house printing accelerates product iterations | R&D Speed |
| Cost Efficiency | Reduces recurring prototyping expenses | Development Budget |
| IP & Design Control | Full confidentiality with zero third-party exposure | Innovation Security |
| Eco-Friendly Production | Less waste, fewer chemicals, more control | Sustainability Goals |
But here’s the kicker—PCB board printers aren’t a magic bullet. Understanding their limitations helps you plan better and avoid pitfalls during implementation.
Limited Layer Capability: Most entry-level PCB printers support only single or double layers. Complex multilayer designs with ground planes, impedance control, or blind vias still require conventional manufacturing. A hardware security startup had to outsource their RF board after hitting layout constraints.
Material Constraints: Conductive inks don’t match the low resistance of traditional copper plating. This can affect power delivery and RF performance. Additionally, copper inks require oxygen-free environments during sintering, adding cost and complexity.
Printer Calibration and Maintenance: Even the best printers require constant calibration. Clogged nozzles, substrate warping, and alignment drift can affect trace integrity. A university maker lab reported a 15% rework rate due to nozzle malfunctions until upgrading to automated nozzle check features.
Learning Curve: Design file formatting, curing profiles, and adhesion parameters need expertise. Without skilled technicians, productivity suffers. An aerospace contractor implemented a training protocol after their first 3 prints failed due to software-to-hardware mismatches.
| Challenge | Cause/Description | Suggested Mitigation |
|---|---|---|
| Layer Limits | Most units max at 2 layers | Outsource final version, hybrid design |
| Ink Resistivity | Higher resistance than copper traces | Use only for low-current designs |
| Machine Maintenance | Nozzle clogs, bed warping | Schedule preventive calibration |
| Skill Requirements | Software, design adaptation learning curve | Provide training, use vendor support |
This is where it gets interesting… PCB board printers aren’t just lab toys—they’re strategic tools making waves across industries.
In the Aerospace Sector: NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory uses in-house PCB printers for quick-turn prototypes during mission-critical instrumentation design. In 2022, a rapid sensor prototype made with a DragonFly LDM helped validate thermal stability before a Mars test flight. Traditional outsourcing would have delayed the timeline by weeks.
In Consumer Electronics Startups: A wearable-tech startup in Seoul slashed their development cycle by 60% using a Voltera printer. They were able to iterate flexible wristband circuits daily, testing biometric sensor performance without waiting on fabrication houses.
In Universities and Research Labs: Educational institutions are major adopters. MIT’s EECS department uses PCB printers to allow student teams to fabricate boards overnight, fostering real-world innovation in their capstone robotics projects.
In the Medical Field: A biotech company developing biosensing contact lenses utilized Nano Dimension’s system to print nano-scale interconnects with biocompatible substrates, maintaining confidentiality while cutting costs on complex R&D iterations.
In Automotive R&D: German EV manufacturers are using PCB printers for testing embedded sensors in curved dashboards, where traditional PCBs are too rigid or time-consuming to customize.
| Industry | Application | Benefit Achieved |
|---|---|---|
| Aerospace | Satellite sensor prototypes | Reduced prototype delay by 3 weeks |
| Consumer Electronics | Wearable device iteration | 60% faster dev cycles |
| Education | Student project PCB printing | Hands-on learning & innovation |
| Medical Devices | Biocompatible flexible biosensors | Protected IP, custom shapes |
| Automotive | Embedded curved PCBs for dashboards | Custom fitting & rapid validation |
Ready for the good part? Let’s talk numbers. The biggest hesitation around PCB printers is the price—but when you do the math, the return on investment (ROI) is often surprisingly favorable.
Upfront Cost Overview:
Entry-level printers (e.g., Voltera V-One): ~$4,000
Mid-range (e.g., BotFactory Squink): ~$6,000–$10,000
High-end systems (e.g., Nano Dimension DragonFly IV): $50,000–$200,000
Recurring Costs:
Conductive ink cartridges: $100–$300 each
Substrates (PET, FR4, etc.): $1–$10 per sheet
Maintenance/Service: $300–$2,000 annually
Time Savings: Consider this—if you print 2 boards a day that normally take 7 days to receive from a fab house, your effective R&D timeline compresses from months to weeks. That’s real savings in engineering hours and product launch cycles.
| Cost Factor | Traditional PCB Fab (USD) | In-House Printer (USD) |
|---|---|---|
| Setup Fee | $80–$150 | $0 |
| Per Unit (Prototype) | $50–$200 | $5–$15 |
| Lead Time | 7–14 days | 1–3 hours |
| Revision Fee | Full reorder | Included |
| Total 10-Board Run | $600–$2,000 | $100–$250 |
ROI Example:
Let’s say a company produces 20 prototypes/month at $100 each externally. Internal printing brings this down to $20 per unit. That’s $1,600 saved per month—covering the $6,000 investment in just under four months.
Now you’re thinking, “Sounds great—but how do I get started?” Setting up a PCB printer isn’t plug-and-play, but with a little prep, you can go from unboxing to printing in a single afternoon.
Site Preparation: Choose a stable, clean, dust-free workbench with reliable power. Some units require temperature and humidity control, especially inkjet systems.
Required Tools & Supplies:
Conductive and dielectric ink cartridges
Substrate materials (flex, FR4, PET, etc.)
Tweezers, nozzles, cleaning swabs, and UV curing units
Grounding mats for ESD protection
Software & Driver Setup: Install the vendor-supplied software, configure printer connection via USB or Ethernet, and calibrate print heads. Most printers run on Windows-based GUI software.
Training & Workflow Integration: Assign a technician or engineer to train with vendor tutorials. Set SOPs for design file prep, material handling, and post-processing. Document your first few prints and evaluate accuracy, resistance, and alignment.
Pro Tip: Keep a logbook for nozzle performance, print quality notes, and maintenance events. This data will save you hours of troubleshooting down the line.
| Setup Task | Description | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Workspace Prep | Anti-static mat, dust cover, ventilation | Required for inkjet models |
| Material Inventory | Ensure supply of ink, substrates, cleaning tools | Maintain a rolling stock |
| Software Installation | Connect and calibrate with printer software | Often Windows-only |
| Staff Training | Train primary user on best practices | Use vendor video demos |
| SOP Documentation | Create checklist for every print job | Reduces print failure risk |
What’s the real story behind how these machines actually print PCBs? This is where we walk you through the entire process—from file to finished board.
Step 1: Schematic and Layout Design
Start with your PCB layout in software like Altium, Eagle, or KiCad. Export the design files—typically Gerber, ODB++, or proprietary formats depending on your printer model.
Step 2: File Upload & Print Settings
Next, upload your files to the printer software. Select layer types, ink volume, print speed, and drying parameters. This step varies widely depending on whether your unit is inkjet-based or extrusion-based.
Step 3: Substrate Loading
Insert the substrate (FR4, PET, polyimide) and secure it on the print bed. Calibration of bed level is crucial to avoid smearing or misalignment.
Step 4: Conductive Layer Printing
This is the core action—conductive ink is dispensed or jetted according to the circuit layout. Most systems have visual inspection via cameras in real time.
Step 5: Drying or Curing
Some printers have built-in thermal or UV curing systems. Others may require external ovens. In either case, conductivity improves significantly after proper curing.
Step 6: Optional Dielectric or Protective Layers
For multilayer or protected designs, insulating layers are printed between traces. Advanced models can stack and align multiple conductive-dielectric cycles.
Step 7: Post-Print Inspection
Use a multimeter to check continuity, trace resistance, and pad alignment. Some labs also use microscopes to confirm trace precision.
| Step | Description | Tools or Materials Needed |
|---|---|---|
| Design Layout | Create and export Gerber/ODB++ files | CAD software |
| File Configuration | Upload and assign print parameters | Printer software |
| Load Substrate | Insert PET, FR4, or polyimide sheet | Substrate, fixture clamps |
| Print Conductive Traces | Inkjet or extrusion dispensing of traces | Conductive ink, nozzles |
| Curing | Heat or UV treatment of ink | Built-in oven or external curing |
| Add Layers | Dielectric and protective coatings | Dielectric ink, alignment tools |
| Inspect & Test | Electrical and visual QA | Multimeter, microscope |
But here’s the kicker… even high-end PCB printers need consistent QC to ensure production-grade quality.
Initial Inspection Protocols: After curing, check trace continuity and verify there are no breaks or overlaps. Low resistance is a must—values above a few ohms for short traces may indicate under-deposition.
Dimensional Accuracy: Use digital calipers and AOI (automated optical inspection) tools to confirm trace widths, spacing, and alignment with design specs. Tolerances should be within ±10μm for most applications.
Resistance Testing: Use a 4-point probe or standard multimeter to validate key node-to-node resistances. High-resistance values may suggest drying issues, nozzle clogging, or ink deterioration.
Cross-Layer Integrity: For multilayer prints, verify the vertical vias connect accurately between layers. Misalignment is one of the top failure reasons in 3D-printed multilayer PCBs.
Environmental Stress Testing: Especially for applications involving heat or flex, test your printed boards in high-humidity chambers or under bending pressure to simulate use-case scenarios.
Logging and Documentation: Every failure should be logged. Trace it back to ink lot, substrate batch, print speed, or curing time. Over time, this builds a predictive maintenance model.
| QC Item | Test Description | Ideal Value / Result |
|---|---|---|
| Continuity | Check for broken traces | <1Ω between adjacent pads |
| Trace Width | Measure against layout spec | ±10μm tolerance |
| Resistance | Node-to-node check on key nets | 0.5–2.0Ω (short traces) |
| Via Alignment | Verify multilayer vertical trace alignment | <50μm misalignment |
| Stress Testing | Humidity, thermal cycling | No delamination, no open traces |
Ready for the good part? Your printer’s performance depends heavily on what materials you feed into it. Let’s look at the popular substrates and inks.
Substrates:
FR4 (Glass Epoxy): Great for rigid boards, commonly used in standard electronics.
PET (Polyester): Flexible and transparent. Popular for wearables and low-voltage applications.
PI (Polyimide): Heat-resistant and ideal for aerospace, automotive, and industrial control.
Ceramic Coated Boards: For ultra-high thermal management, often used in LED modules.
Conductive Inks:
Silver Nanoparticle Ink: Offers low resistance but is pricey. Common in high-performance circuits.
Carbon-Based Ink: More affordable, higher resistance—used in cost-sensitive prototyping.
Copper-Based Ink: Lower cost than silver but prone to oxidation. Must be used in oxygen-controlled environments.
Dielectric and Insulating Inks: These allow for 3D multilayer circuits. Essential for layering and EMI protection.
Material Compatibility Tips:
Ensure your ink viscosity matches nozzle specs (typically 5–40 cps).
Avoid substrate warpage by storing in climate-controlled cabinets.
Some substrates require plasma or chemical treatment to improve adhesion.
| Material Type | Common Use Cases | Pros | Cons |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR4 | General-purpose PCBs | Rigid, stable, low-cost | Not flexible |
| PET | Wearables, flexible sensors | Flexible, low-cost | Low heat resistance |
| PI (Polyimide) | Aerospace, automotive | High-temp, durable | More expensive |
| Silver Ink | High-precision sensors | Excellent conductivity | High cost |
| Carbon Ink | Prototyping, education | Cheap, easy to use | Higher resistance |
| Copper Ink | IoT, cost-optimized designs | Balance of cost and conductivity | Oxidation-sensitive |
Let’s wrap with a peek into what’s next—because this space is heating up.
AI-Powered Process Optimization: Expect AI tools to analyze print failures, adjust nozzle parameters in real-time, and even predict ink cartridge degradation before issues arise.
Hybrid Printing Technologies: New models are combining 3D structural printing with circuit trace deposition, enabling full mechatronic integration—think of robots printed in one go.
Bio-Compatible Circuit Printing: With wearable medical tech booming, expect more innovations in printing circuits on skin-safe or biodegradable substrates.
Mass Customization Capabilities: Future printers will enable direct-to-customer printed PCBs with tailored specifications, similar to how 3D printing revolutionized product prototyping.
Global Market Expansion: With units becoming cheaper and easier to use, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are entering the space. Expect a global surge in distributed PCB manufacturing.
| Trend Area | Description | Expected Impact |
|---|---|---|
| AI Optimization | Predictive QC, real-time calibration | Reduced print failures |
| Hybrid 3D-2D Systems | Print mechanical and electrical features | Complete device printing |
| Bio-Compatible Materials | Flexible, skin-safe circuit printing | Rise in medical wearables |
| Customization on Demand | Cloud-based D2C PCB production | Mass personalization |
| SME Adoption | Lower costs, simpler training | Decentralized PCB manufacturing |
PCB Board Printer: A Game-Changer in Modern Electronics
PCB board printer technology has transformed how engineers, startups, and OEMs prototype and even manufacture printed circuit boards. From accelerating development cycles to significantly reducing production costs, these devices empower teams to iterate faster, innovate quicker, and stay ahead of the competition.
We explored everything from how these printers work to what features matter most when selecting a model. You now understand the materials involved, the testing protocols that ensure quality, and the future trends pushing the boundaries of circuit manufacturing.
Still on the fence? Whether you’re a seasoned electrical engineer or an emerging hardware startup, investing in PCB board printers is no longer a luxury—it’s a strategic necessity. As demand for speed, precision, and flexibility increases in the global electronics space, one thing is clear: the future of PCB prototyping is printed, not outsourced.
Q1: What is a PCB board printer?
A PCB board printer is a specialized machine that fabricates circuit boards directly from digital files using conductive inks and substrates. It allows engineers and designers to create prototypes quickly without relying on traditional fabrication houses.
Q2: How does a PCB board printer work?
It works by using inkjet or extrusion technology to deposit conductive ink onto a substrate, layer by layer. The board is then cured through thermal or UV processes to solidify the conductive paths, enabling rapid production of functional PCBs.
Q3: Can a PCB printer make multilayer boards?
Yes, advanced PCB printers can produce multilayer boards by alternating conductive and dielectric ink layers. Proper alignment and via connectivity are essential for functionality in multilayer configurations.
Q4: What materials can be used with a PCB board printer?
Common materials include FR4, PET, and polyimide for substrates, and conductive inks such as silver, copper, and carbon. The printer model will determine compatibility with specific inks and substrates.
Q5: Is PCB board printing suitable for mass production?
While ideal for prototyping and small-batch production, some industrial-grade printers can handle low- to medium-volume runs. For high-volume production, traditional fabrication may still offer better economies of scale—though this is rapidly changing.
Connect to a Jerico Multilayer PCB engineer to support your project!
Request A Quote
Quote
E-mail
Skype
Whatsapp